Columbia County, Florida
Above the national median for unemployment — and 18.0× the rate of the healthiest U.S. county (Loving County, TX — 0%).
Main Findings
Columbia County, Florida ranks 199th most distressed in the United States on the County Distress Index. The driver: 5% of the labor force is unemployed — above the national median of 4%.
- 199th of 3,144 counties on the County Distress Index — Most distressed fifth, 17th in Florida.
- 5% of the labor force is unemployed (U.S. median 4%). Unemployment at the 91st percentile nationally.
- Subprime credit share at 34% — national median 23%, ranked at the 86th percentile.
- Uninsured rate at 14% — national median 8%, ranked at the 84th percentile.
- Rent-to-income ratio at 27% — national median 21%, ranked at the 88th percentile.
Neighbors span two CDI distress fifths. The 27-point drop to Echols County, GA marks a cross-border distress gradient.
"Columbia County ranks in the most distressed fifth of U.S. counties. The five-domain profile shows where local household pressure is most concentrated."
"The CDI places this county in the most distressed fifth nationally. The rank is the important geography signal: it compares the county with every other county-equivalent in the release."
The Indicators Behind Columbia County's CDI Score
Every number traces to a public source. Columbia County's value shown alongside FL's median and the U.S. median. Full CSV available for download.
| Indicator | Columbia | FL median | U.S. median | Pctile | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delinquency — domain score 81 · Rank 505 of 3,144 | |||||
| Auto loan delinquency Share of auto loan accounts 60+ days past due | 8% | 6% | 5% | 85th | Urban Institute (2024) |
| Credit card delinquency Share of credit card accounts 60+ days past due | 7% | 7% | 5% | 72nd | Urban Institute (2024) |
| Subprime credit share Share of residents with a credit score below 660 | 34% | 29% | 23% | 86th | Urban Institute (2024) |
| Default & Legal — domain score 66 · Rank 873 of 3,144 | |||||
| Debt in collections Share of residents with a credit file who have debt in collections | 35% | 28% | 23% | 86th | Urban Institute (2024) |
| Bankruptcy filing rate Personal bankruptcy filings per 100,000 residents | 120 | 138 | 126 | 47th | US Courts F-5A (2025) |
| Debt Burden (housing basis) — domain score 73 · Rank 620 of 3,144 | |||||
| Rent-to-income ratio Fair Market Rent (2BR) as share of median household income | 27% | 27% | 21% | 88th | HUD FMR × Census ACS (2024) |
| Severe rent burden (50%+) Share of renter households paying 50%+ of income on rent | 19% | 25% | 18% | 58th | Census ACS 5-yr (2023) |
| Labor — domain score 91 · Rank 278 of 3,144 | |||||
| Unemployment Share of labor force unemployed | 5% | 5% | 4% | 91st | BLS LAUS (Dec 2025) |
| Safety Net & Buffer — domain score 77 · Rank 540 of 3,144 | |||||
| Child poverty rate Share of children under 18 below the federal poverty line | 22% | 19% | 18% | 69th | Census SAIPE (2023) |
| Disability rate Share of residents reporting a disability | 20% | 17% | 16% | 82nd | Census ACS 5-yr (2023) |
| Poverty rate Share of population below the federal poverty line | 17% | 14% | 14% | 73rd | Census SAIPE (2023) |
| Transfer-income dependency Share of personal income from government transfers | 33% | 27% | 27% | 76th | BEA Regional Personal Income (2023) |
| Uninsured rate Share of residents without health insurance coverage | 14% | 12% | 8% | 84th | Census ACS 5-yr (2023) |
Five-Domain Breakdown
The CDI is an equal-weight composite of five family-v1 distress domains. Each domain contributes 20% of the county score.
Methodology
The County Distress Index is a 0–100 composite score of household financial distress, computed for all 3,144 U.S. counties. Higher scores indicate greater distress. The index is built from five equal-weighted domains: Delinquency, Default & Legal, Debt Burden, Labor, and Safety Net & Buffer. Each domain is the mean of distress-oriented indicator percentiles; the CDI score is the equal-weight mean of those domain scores.
Data sources include the Urban Institute Debt in America (Equifax consumer credit panel), U.S. Census Bureau (American Community Survey 5-year, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, Business Formation Statistics), Bureau of Labor Statistics (Local Area Unemployment Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages), U.S. Courts Administrative Office (F-5A bankruptcy filings), and HUD Fair Market Rents. Data vintages range from 2023 to 2025 depending on source; full indicator-level vintage detail is in the methodology document.
For Press & Research
Everything you need to cite Columbia County data — in under 60 seconds.
Draft wire copy 145-word AP-style article — use freely with attribution
LAKE CITY, Fla. — Columbia County ranks 199th among the nation's most financially distressed counties, according to the County Distress Index released this month by American Default Research.
The composite score of 78 out of 100 places Columbia in the most distressed fifth. Among 3,144 U.S. counties scored, 198 counties rank more distressed. Within Florida, Columbia ranks 17th of 67 counties.
The index, which draws on 16 source indicators from the U.S. Census Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Urban Institute and federal court filings, identifies labor as the primary driver in Columbia. 5% of the labor force is unemployed — above the national median of 4%.
"Columbia County ranks in the most distressed fifth of U.S. counties. The five-domain profile shows where local household pressure is most concentrated," said Ross Kilburn, founder of American Default Research.
Full methodology and county-by-county data are available at americandefault.org/methodology/cdi.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Columbia County's CDI score, and what does it mean?
What drives Columbia County's distress score?
How does Columbia County compare to its neighbors?
How is the County Distress Index calculated?
Columbia County resident looking for help? HUD counselors, legal aid, and attorney referrals →