Toole County, Montana
Above the national median for rent-to-income ratio — and 2.3× the rate of the healthiest U.S. county (Steele County, ND — 12%).
Main Findings
Toole County, Montana ranks 2,583rd most distressed in the United States on the County Distress Index. Toole sits near the national median across major distress indicators.
- 2,583rd of 3,144 counties on the County Distress Index — Least distressed fifth, 31st in Montana.
- A rent-to-income ratio of 28% (U.S. median 21%). Rent-to-income ratio at the 92nd percentile nationally.
- Poverty rate at 17% — national median 14%, ranked at the 73rd percentile.
- Auto loan delinquency at 7% — national median 5%, ranked at the 77th percentile.
- Labor domain score 8 — weight 20.0% of the CDI composite.
"Toole County ranks in the least distressed fifth of U.S. counties. The CDI reading is a county comparison, separate from national ADI bands."
"The CDI places this county in the least distressed fifth nationally. The rank is a comparative geography measure across counties, not a national ADI band."
The Indicators Behind Toole County's CDI Score
Every number traces to a public source. Toole County's value shown alongside MT's median and the U.S. median. Full CSV available for download.
| Indicator | Toole | MT median | U.S. median | Pctile | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delinquency — domain score 46 · Rank 1,727 of 3,144 | |||||
| Auto loan delinquency Share of auto loan accounts 60+ days past due | 7% | 3% | 5% | 77th | Urban Institute (2024) |
| Credit card delinquency Share of credit card accounts 60+ days past due | 2% | 3% | 5% | 6th | Urban Institute (2024) |
| Subprime credit share Share of residents with a credit score below 660 | 24% | 16% | 23% | 54th | Urban Institute (2024) |
| Default & Legal — domain score 6 · Rank 3,106 of 3,144 | |||||
| Debt in collections Share of residents with a credit file who have debt in collections | 12% | 15% | 23% | 7th | Urban Institute (2024) |
| Bankruptcy filing rate Personal bankruptcy filings per 100,000 residents | 20 | 73 | 126 | 5th | US Courts F-5A (2025) |
| Debt Burden (housing basis) — domain score 48 · Rank 1,608 of 3,144 | |||||
| Rent-to-income ratio Fair Market Rent (2BR) as share of median household income | 28% | 26% | 21% | 92nd | HUD FMR × Census ACS (2024) |
| Severe rent burden (50%+) Share of renter households paying 50%+ of income on rent | 6% | 14% | 18% | 5th | Census ACS 5-yr (2023) |
| Labor — domain score 8 · Rank 2,902 of 3,144 | |||||
| Unemployment Share of labor force unemployed | 2% | 3% | 4% | 8th | BLS LAUS (Dec 2025) |
| Safety Net & Buffer — domain score 48 · Rank 1,648 of 3,144 | |||||
| Child poverty rate Share of children under 18 below the federal poverty line | 16% | 17% | 18% | 42nd | Census SAIPE (2023) |
| Disability rate Share of residents reporting a disability | 17% | 16% | 16% | 61st | Census ACS 5-yr (2023) |
| Poverty rate Share of population below the federal poverty line | 17% | 13% | 14% | 73rd | Census SAIPE (2023) |
| Transfer-income dependency Share of personal income from government transfers | 18% | 25% | 27% | 14th | BEA Regional Personal Income (2023) |
| Uninsured rate Share of residents without health insurance coverage | 8% | 8% | 8% | 45th | Census ACS 5-yr (2023) |
Five-Domain Breakdown
The CDI is an equal-weight composite of five family-v1 distress domains. Each domain contributes 20% of the county score.
Methodology
The County Distress Index is a 0–100 composite score of household financial distress, computed for all 3,144 U.S. counties. Higher scores indicate greater distress. The index is built from five equal-weighted domains: Delinquency, Default & Legal, Debt Burden, Labor, and Safety Net & Buffer. Each domain is the mean of distress-oriented indicator percentiles; the CDI score is the equal-weight mean of those domain scores.
Data sources include the Urban Institute Debt in America (Equifax consumer credit panel), U.S. Census Bureau (American Community Survey 5-year, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, Business Formation Statistics), Bureau of Labor Statistics (Local Area Unemployment Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages), U.S. Courts Administrative Office (F-5A bankruptcy filings), and HUD Fair Market Rents. Data vintages range from 2023 to 2025 depending on source; full indicator-level vintage detail is in the methodology document.
For Press & Research
Everything you need to cite Toole County data — in under 60 seconds.
Draft wire copy 143-word AP-style article — use freely with attribution
SHELBY, Mont. — Toole County ranks 2,583rd among the nation's most financially distressed counties, according to the County Distress Index released this month by American Default Research.
The composite score of 31 out of 100 places Toole in the least distressed fifth. Among 3,144 U.S. counties scored, 2,582 counties rank more distressed. Within Montana, Toole ranks 31st of 56 counties.
The index, which draws on 16 source indicators from the U.S. Census Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Urban Institute and federal court filings, finds Toole sitting near the national median across major distress indicators, with no single domain emerging as a clear driver.
"Toole County ranks in the least distressed fifth of U.S. counties. The CDI reading is a county comparison, separate from national ADI bands," said Ross Kilburn, founder of American Default Research.
Full methodology and county-by-county data are available at americandefault.org/methodology/cdi.
Frequently Asked Questions
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