Esmeralda County, Nevada
Above the national median for rent-to-income ratio — and 2.5× the rate of the healthiest U.S. county (Steele County, ND — 12%).
Main Findings
Esmeralda County, Nevada ranks 449th most distressed in the United States on the County Distress Index. The driver: a rent-to-income ratio of 30% — above the national median of 21%.
- 449th of 3,144 counties on the County Distress Index — Most distressed fifth, 3rd in Nevada.
- A rent-to-income ratio of 30% (U.S. median 21%). Rent-to-income ratio at the 95th percentile nationally.
- Bankruptcy filing rate at 272 — national median 126, ranked at the 88th percentile.
- Unemployment at 4% — national median 4%, ranked at the 76th percentile.
- Disability rate at 30% — national median 16%, ranked at the 95th percentile.
Neighbors span three CDI distress fifths. The 46-point drop to Mono County, CA marks a cross-border distress gradient.
"Esmeralda County ranks in the most distressed fifth of U.S. counties. The five-domain profile shows where local household pressure is most concentrated."
"The CDI places this county in the most distressed fifth nationally. The rank is the important geography signal: it compares the county with every other county-equivalent in the release."
The Indicators Behind Esmeralda County's CDI Score
Every number traces to a public source. Esmeralda County's value shown alongside NV's median and the U.S. median. Full CSV available for download.
| Indicator | Esmeralda | NV median | U.S. median | Pctile | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delinquency — domain score 40 · Rank 1,927 of 3,144 | |||||
| Auto loan delinquency Share of auto loan accounts 60+ days past due | 5% | 5% | 5% | 52nd | Urban Institute (2024) |
| Credit card delinquency Share of credit card accounts 60+ days past due | 6% | 6% | 5% | 63rd | Urban Institute (2024) |
| Subprime credit share Share of residents with a credit score below 660 | 11% | 23% | 23% | 5th | Urban Institute (2024) |
| Default & Legal — domain score 77 · Rank 527 of 3,144 | |||||
| Debt in collections Share of residents with a credit file who have debt in collections | 27% | 27% | 23% | 66th | Urban Institute (2024) |
| Bankruptcy filing rate Personal bankruptcy filings per 100,000 residents | 272 | 120 | 126 | 88th | US Courts F-5A (2025) |
| Debt Burden (housing basis) — domain score 95 · Rank 53 of 3,144 | |||||
| Rent-to-income ratio Fair Market Rent (2BR) as share of median household income | 30% | 23% | 21% | 95th | HUD FMR × Census ACS (2024) |
| Severe rent burden (50%+) Share of renter households paying 50%+ of income on rent | 57% | 22% | 18% | 95th | Census ACS 5-yr (2023) |
| Labor — domain score 76 · Rank 760 of 3,144 | |||||
| Unemployment Share of labor force unemployed | 4% | 4% | 4% | 76th | BLS LAUS (Dec 2025) |
| Safety Net & Buffer — domain score 64 · Rank 1,000 of 3,144 | |||||
| Child poverty rate Share of children under 18 below the federal poverty line | 18% | 14% | 18% | 52nd | Census SAIPE (2023) |
| Disability rate Share of residents reporting a disability | 30% | 18% | 16% | 95th | Census ACS 5-yr (2023) |
| Poverty rate Share of population below the federal poverty line | 15% | 12% | 14% | 60th | Census SAIPE (2023) |
| Transfer-income dependency Share of personal income from government transfers | 27% | 23% | 27% | 50th | BEA Regional Personal Income (2023) |
| Uninsured rate Share of residents without health insurance coverage | 7% | 9% | 8% | 39th | Census ACS 5-yr (2023) |
Five-Domain Breakdown
The CDI is an equal-weight composite of five family-v1 distress domains. Each domain contributes 20% of the county score.
Methodology
The County Distress Index is a 0–100 composite score of household financial distress, computed for all 3,144 U.S. counties. Higher scores indicate greater distress. The index is built from five equal-weighted domains: Delinquency, Default & Legal, Debt Burden, Labor, and Safety Net & Buffer. Each domain is the mean of distress-oriented indicator percentiles; the CDI score is the equal-weight mean of those domain scores.
Data sources include the Urban Institute Debt in America (Equifax consumer credit panel), U.S. Census Bureau (American Community Survey 5-year, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, Business Formation Statistics), Bureau of Labor Statistics (Local Area Unemployment Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages), U.S. Courts Administrative Office (F-5A bankruptcy filings), and HUD Fair Market Rents. Data vintages range from 2023 to 2025 depending on source; full indicator-level vintage detail is in the methodology document.
For Press & Research
Everything you need to cite Esmeralda County data — in under 60 seconds.
Draft wire copy 145-word AP-style article — use freely with attribution
GOLDFIELD, Nev. — Esmeralda County ranks 449th among the nation's most financially distressed counties, according to the County Distress Index released this month by American Default Research.
The composite score of 70 out of 100 places Esmeralda in the most distressed fifth. Among 3,144 U.S. counties scored, 448 counties rank more distressed. Within Nevada, Esmeralda ranks third of 17 counties.
The index, which draws on 16 source indicators from the U.S. Census Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Urban Institute and federal court filings, identifies debt burden (housing basis) as the primary driver in Esmeralda. A rent-to-income ratio of 30% — above the national median of 21%.
"Esmeralda County ranks in the most distressed fifth of U.S. counties. The five-domain profile shows where local household pressure is most concentrated," said Ross Kilburn, founder of American Default Research.
Full methodology and county-by-county data are available at americandefault.org/methodology/cdi.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Esmeralda County's CDI score, and what does it mean?
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How is the County Distress Index calculated?
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