Vance County, North Carolina
Above the national median for subprime credit share.
Main Findings
Vance County, North Carolina ranks 73rd most distressed in the United States on the County Distress Index. The driver: 42% of residents carry subprime credit (score below 660) — above the national median of 23%.
- 73rd of 3,144 counties on the County Distress Index — Most distressed fifth, 4th in North Carolina.
- 42% of residents carry subprime credit (score below 660) (U.S. median 23%). Subprime credit share at the 97th percentile nationally.
- Child poverty rate at 37% — national median 18%, ranked at the 97th percentile.
- Rent-to-income ratio at 26% — national median 21%, ranked at the 84th percentile.
- Debt in collections at 41% — national median 23%, ranked at the 95th percentile.
Unemployment is 4%, near the national median of 4%, while subprime credit share runs at the 97th percentile. Jobs exist; wages don't close the gap.
Neighbors span two CDI distress fifths. The 17-point drop to Granville County marks where the northern Piedmont NC distress corridor ends.
"Vance County ranks in the most distressed fifth of U.S. counties. The five-domain profile shows where local household pressure is most concentrated."
"The CDI places this county in the most distressed fifth nationally. The rank is the important geography signal: it compares the county with every other county-equivalent in the release."
Reporter's Notes
Two data points in the indicator table worth a follow-up call.
37% of children under 18 in Vance County live below the federal poverty line, versus 18% nationally. When a county's adult poverty rate is accompanied by a materially higher child poverty rate, the gap typically reflects single-parent household concentration or limited access to workforce-participation supports (childcare, transportation). Worth a call to the local school district's free-and-reduced-lunch coordinator or a regional United Way affiliate.
The Indicators Behind Vance County's CDI Score
Every number traces to a public source. Vance County's value shown alongside NC's median and the U.S. median. Full CSV available for download.
| Indicator | Vance | NC median | U.S. median | Pctile | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delinquency — domain score 97 · Rank 32 of 3,144 | |||||
| Auto loan delinquency Share of auto loan accounts 60+ days past due | 11% | 7% | 5% | 96th | Urban Institute (2024) |
| Credit card delinquency Share of credit card accounts 60+ days past due | 11% | 7% | 5% | 97th | Urban Institute (2024) |
| Subprime credit share Share of residents with a credit score below 660 | 42% | 28% | 23% | 97th | Urban Institute (2024) |
| Default & Legal — domain score 79 · Rank 467 of 3,144 | |||||
| Debt in collections Share of residents with a credit file who have debt in collections | 41% | 27% | 23% | 95th | Urban Institute (2024) |
| Bankruptcy filing rate Personal bankruptcy filings per 100,000 residents | 156 | 87 | 126 | 62nd | US Courts F-5A (2025) |
| Debt Burden (housing basis) — domain score 81 · Rank 372 of 3,144 | |||||
| Rent-to-income ratio Fair Market Rent (2BR) as share of median household income | 26% | 22% | 21% | 84th | HUD FMR × Census ACS (2024) |
| Severe rent burden (50%+) Share of renter households paying 50%+ of income on rent | 23% | 19% | 18% | 78th | Census ACS 5-yr (2023) |
| Labor — domain score 71 · Rank 910 of 3,144 | |||||
| Unemployment Share of labor force unemployed | 4% | 3% | 4% | 71st | BLS LAUS (Dec 2025) |
| Safety Net & Buffer — domain score 90 · Rank 63 of 3,144 | |||||
| Child poverty rate Share of children under 18 below the federal poverty line | 37% | 21% | 18% | 97th | Census SAIPE (2023) |
| Disability rate Share of residents reporting a disability | 19% | 17% | 16% | 75th | Census ACS 5-yr (2023) |
| Poverty rate Share of population below the federal poverty line | 23% | 15% | 14% | 93rd | Census SAIPE (2023) |
| Transfer-income dependency Share of personal income from government transfers | 39% | 30% | 27% | 91st | BEA Regional Personal Income (2023) |
| Uninsured rate Share of residents without health insurance coverage | 13% | 10% | 8% | 81st | Census ACS 5-yr (2023) |
Five-Domain Breakdown
The CDI is an equal-weight composite of five family-v1 distress domains. Each domain contributes 20% of the county score.
Methodology
The County Distress Index is a 0–100 composite score of household financial distress, computed for all 3,144 U.S. counties. Higher scores indicate greater distress. The index is built from five equal-weighted domains: Delinquency, Default & Legal, Debt Burden, Labor, and Safety Net & Buffer. Each domain is the mean of distress-oriented indicator percentiles; the CDI score is the equal-weight mean of those domain scores.
Data sources include the Urban Institute Debt in America (Equifax consumer credit panel), U.S. Census Bureau (American Community Survey 5-year, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, Business Formation Statistics), Bureau of Labor Statistics (Local Area Unemployment Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages), U.S. Courts Administrative Office (F-5A bankruptcy filings), and HUD Fair Market Rents. Data vintages range from 2023 to 2025 depending on source; full indicator-level vintage detail is in the methodology document.
For Press & Research
Everything you need to cite Vance County data — in under 60 seconds.
Draft wire copy 147-word AP-style article — use freely with attribution
HENDERSON, N.C. — Vance County ranks 73rd among the nation's most financially distressed counties, according to the County Distress Index released this month by American Default Research.
The composite score of 83 out of 100 places Vance in the most distressed fifth. Among 3,144 U.S. counties scored, 72 counties rank more distressed. Within North Carolina, Vance ranks fourth of 100 counties.
The index, which draws on 16 source indicators from the U.S. Census Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Urban Institute and federal court filings, identifies delinquency as the primary driver in Vance. 42% of residents carry subprime credit (score below 660) — above the national median of 23%.
"Vance County ranks in the most distressed fifth of U.S. counties. The five-domain profile shows where local household pressure is most concentrated," said Ross Kilburn, founder of American Default Research.
Full methodology and county-by-county data are available at americandefault.org/methodology/cdi.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Vance County's CDI score, and what does it mean?
What drives Vance County's distress score?
How does Vance County compare to its neighbors?
How is the County Distress Index calculated?
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