The 10 Most Financially Distressed Counties in America

Where the distress concentrates. The 10 highest CDI counties.

The County Distress Index is a household-financial-distress score covering all 3,144 U.S. counties. It scores each county on 5 equal-weighted domains. Delinquency. Default & Legal. Debt Burden. Labor. Safety Net & Buffer. Indicator values are oriented so higher means more distress, ranked across counties, and averaged inside domains; the domains are averaged, and each county's average is compared with every other county's. A county's score is the share of U.S. counties it is more distressed than, rounded down to a whole number.

943 counties currently score high, very high, or extreme for county distress. The 10 highest-scoring counties are concentrated in the South. 96 of the top 100 are in the Census South. 16 are in Georgia alone. 20 are in Mississippi. The current top 10 ranges from Hancock County, GA, with 8,676 residents, to Dougherty County, GA, with 82,645 residents. The same high-score signal appears across both small rural counties and regional city counties.

3 of the 10 current top-10 counties have published long-form features. Every row links to the county scorecard, and the full Top 100 ranking and methodology are at /top-100-most-distressed-counties/.

What the geography says.

The current ranking is geographically concentrated. The top 10 runs through the Black Belt, the Mississippi Delta, and neighboring Southern counties. W.E.B. Du Bois described one part of the region's historical debt economy in The Souls of Black Folk, tracing obligations from merchants to planters to tenants to laborers. The CDI describes current household conditions; it does not test whether that historical mechanism caused today's scores.

The published feature set offers a hospital-town reporting angle. Albany, Georgia (Dougherty County), is the documented case. ProPublica's investigation identifies Phoebe Putney Health System as southwest Georgia's largest employer, with more than 5,500 workers. ProPublica reports that Phoebe's bad debt grew from $16.5 million in 2012 to more than $121.7 million in 2018. The U.S. Census Bureau county source file puts Dougherty County's uninsured rate at 13.1%.

What the population mix says.

The current top 10 is a small-county list by population. Dougherty County, GA, is the largest current top-10 county at 82,645 residents, while Hancock County, GA, has 8,676. High scores appear in both city counties and small rural counties, but the affected population changes sharply by place.

Two Americas of financial distress.

The County Distress Index and the American Distress Index are scoring the same country at two altitudes. The CDI maps where stress concentrates, county by county. The American Distress Index tracks how distressed American households are in aggregate. The current national band is Typical. The composite itself sits higher than 44% of all published quarters since 2005. The gap between the most distressed counties and the national-average county is wider than the headline economic data suggests.

The macro reading.

The American Distress Index closed 2026 Q2 at 47.0. The national band is 3 of 5 (Typical). The composite itself sits higher than 44% of all published quarters since 2005. The score rose 0.9 points from 2026 Q1. The highest current domain is Safety Net & Buffer at 90.6. Each of its domains carries 20.0% of the composite, and each input is ranked against its own quarterly history.

The research scanner records credit-card delinquency leading all-loan charge-offs by 3 quarters at r = 0.66. The release treats that indicator pair as historical context, not a forecast. The personal savings rate (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis data retrieved via FRED, series PSAVERT) sits at 4.1%. The debt service ratio (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System data retrieved via FRED, series BOGZ1FL010000346Q + TDSP) sits at 11.1% of disposable income.

The disaggregation.

The two mortgage series track different borrower populations. FHA mortgage delinquency (Mortgage Bankers Association National Delinquency Survey, 2026 Q2) stands at 11.8%. The Federal Reserve bank-booked single-family mortgage delinquency rate (FRED DRSFRMACBS, 2026 Q2) is 1.9%. The ratio is 6.3 times, a 9.9-point gap. Under HUD's FHA rules, borrowers with credit scores of at least 580 may qualify for the 3.5% minimum down-payment program. The two series describe separate borrower populations.

The comparisons continue across credit cards (all commercial banks at 2.9%, credit card delinquency at banks outside the top 100 at 6.5%, FRED series DRCCLACBS and DRCCLOBS), auto loans (Federal Reserve Bank of New York Consumer Credit Panel at 5.5% in Q2 2026), and retirement savings. Vanguard's How America Saves 2026 preview reports a year-end 2025 average account balance of $167,970, against a median of $44,115. These series describe different populations and should be read separately rather than collapsed into one household profile.

The County Distress Index is the geographic version of the same disaggregation. The least distressed county in the dataset, Los Alamos County in New Mexico, scores 0. Holmes County, Mississippi, scores 100.

Why this matters now.

During the housing downturn, borrower groups did not deteriorate at the same rate. The Federal Reserve's bank-booked single-family mortgage delinquency series (FRED DRSFRMACBS) moved from 2.1% in 2007 Q1 to 11.5% in 2010 Q1. The County Distress Index makes today's geographic differences visible in the current county file without treating that historical sequence as a forecast.

The CDI and the American Distress Index measure current conditions. Validated indicator-pair lags are reported as historical patterns tied to the committed research artifact; they do not transfer automatically to parent domains. The data is published free, with attribution required and no commercial restrictions. Every numeric claim in this release traces to a committed federal, industry, or independently verified source.

Story angles for journalists.

1. The Black Belt as a current event. The current top 10 sits inside the Census South, with a heavy Mississippi Delta and Black Belt concentration. Reporters can compare Du Bois's historical account of the region's debt economy with current credit-bureau and court data. Local angle for newsrooms in Mississippi, Virginia, Louisiana, Arkansas, South Carolina, and Georgia.
2. Hospital towns and household credit. The published feature archive includes Albany and Macon as reporting cases. ProPublica documents the change in Phoebe Putney's bad debt between 2012 and 2018. Local newsrooms covering hospital consolidation can pair their existing reporting with the CDI domain scores.
3. The city county with an extreme distress score. Petersburg, Virginia, sits in the same high-score group as smaller Delta counties. National angle on the geography of urban and rural distress.
4. Credit-card delinquency and charge-offs. The scanner records 3 quarters with r = 0.66 for this indicator pair. Historical context for credit-cycle coverage, not a forecast.
5. The 6.3 times ratio. FHA delinquency is 11.8% (MBA NDS, 2026 Q2). The Federal Reserve bank-booked single-family mortgage rate is 1.9% (FRED DRSFRMACBS, 2026 Q2). The comparison ratio was 5.8 times in 2007 Q1. Housing-policy angle.

The published top-ten features below carry a single concept-name describing the local mechanism of distress. The concept name is the headline framing offered to local newsrooms and is not contractual. Reporters may use a different framing. The data and the source attribution remain stable.

• The Note · Washington County, MS. County Distress Index score 99, 2nd of 3,144.
• The Passage · Dougherty County, GA. County Distress Index score 99, 3rd of 3,144.
• The Drainage · Pemiscot County, MO. County Distress Index score 99, 5th of 3,144.

Methodology and sources.

The County Distress Index scores all 3,144 U.S. counties on 14 indicators across 5 equal-weighted domains. Each domain carries 20.0%. Composition 4 took effect September 30, 2026; ranks published before that date used the prior composition. The current build uses source observations through August 31, 2026. Underlying data sources include the U.S. Census Bureau (American Community Survey), the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (Consumer Credit Panel), the Urban Institute (Debt in America), the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, and the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts.

The American Distress Index is a quarterly composite 0 to 100 score derived from 105 federal economic indicators across 5 equal-weighted domains: Delinquency, Default & Legal, Debt Burden, Labor, and Safety Net & Buffer. Each input is converted to a distress-oriented Hazen percentile within its own full quarterly history. The composite is a mean of input percentiles, not itself a percentile of quarters.

Full methodology at /methodology/. CDI methodology at /methodology/cdi/. The indicator catalog with 105 tracked series at /indicators/.

Data access for journalists.

• API. /api/adi.json · /api/indicators.json · /api/indicators/{slug}.json
• CSV downloads. /api/downloads/all-indicators-latest.csv and per-indicator CSVs.
• Embeddable charts. /embed/{slug}/ for any of the 105 indicators. /embed/county/{fips}/ for any of the 3,144 counties.
• Citations. APA, MLA, Chicago, BibTeX, and RIS formats at /press/ and on every county page.
• One-pager. Print-friendly index summary at /press/one-pager/ · PDF.